الملخص الإنجليزي
Abstract :
This thesis deals with implementing Nanotechnology and Nano innovation technics
in construction to face the challenges that are confronted in the building construction
industry, ranging from the performance of the materials to environmental and safety issues
related to the cost, durability, and consumptions of building materials. The rationalization
of the utilization of high quantities of imported cement, imported coarse aggregates and the
use of marine sand in the Kingdom of Bahrain, for better quality, economic and environmental performances of the concrete industry.
One should put his figures on sustainability and durability aspects of concrete that
can improve efficiency, strength, heat transfer, weight, self-consolidation, production cost
and mitigate climate effects like corrosion and cracks created by Alkali-Silica Reactivity
(ASR). This study provides a constructive approach "Polyforms System" to the green
buildings based on the interface between solid mechanics and materials engineering, that
is integrated and driven by Nanoengineered concrete and innovative insulated concrete
formworks (ICF) designs. Showing how innovation increasingly combines
dematerialization, eco-efficiency, advanced computational techniques and experiments
methods, for developing new classes of novel products, and to characterize its structural
and thermal behaviors, often considered as a substitute of conventional technologies,
enabling a new design approach of green buildings.
The methodology employed in this study consists of three parts, the first part is the
laboratory tests for the optimization of the Nano and EPS concrete. Nano-concrete is
structural self-compacting concrete (SCC), incorporated with a nanoparticle (CNCs) that
provides and enhance mechanical, chemical, thermal, self-compaction and relaxed delivery
properties of the mix with a lightweight density of 1864 kg/m3
. Where as the polystyrene concrete forms the Nano formworks (Blank Block), with a lightweight density of 449 kg/m3, that provides stronger mechanical properties, insulation and zero slumps for easy manufacturing by extrusion. For both types of these nanocomposites, vibration is not
required to level off and achieve consolidation, which represents a sustainability issue
because it involves a significant energy reduction needed to build concrete structures. The
second part involved laboratory tests on the full-scale models of varied steel configurations
of ICF slab categories consisting of (12) samples and different geometrical sections with
different steel configurations of ICF wall types consisting of (4) samples, plus three
samples for the Blank Block. While the third part is the evaluation of the full-scale finite
element study of the structural behavior of the Blank Blocks, reinforced ICF slabs and ICF
walls models carried out using ANSYS software validated against data obtained
experimentally in the second part.
As a conclusion, Nano-concrete can be identified as a suitable material to replace the
ordinary concrete structurally. The ICF slabs (MSJ category) and ICF walls systems passed
the serviceability as well as strength tests. However, the primary function of the Blank
Block, acting as formwork during construction over which essential structural slab layer of
Nano-concrete shall be applied, is still vailed, provided that a prop at every 1 meter is
installed. The Polyforms system conforms to LEED's main standards, as it reduces building
weight by up to 50%, electricity consumption by 50%, cost by 22.73% and reduces carbon
dioxide emissions by 54.03%. This study opens the doors for the civil engineering field to
implement and adopt this novel methodology for similar experimental and analytical
studies in exploring and developing new composite materials and adding green values to
the building constructions industry.
