Abstract : Recently, maintenance has become a major element in any organization that seeks to stay competitive in the market. Due to globalization and industrialization, the competitions between the organizations have been increased which led to look at maintenance management as a strategic factor to achieve best-in-class performance. There are many studies in industries in developed countries about the maintenance management framework. However, there are no studies conducted in aluminum smelting companies worldwide. This study has been focused on an aluminum smelter company. Aluminum Bahrain (ALBA) company has been selected as a case in this research. The research aim is to study and improve the Instrument Maintenance Section (IMS) performance of the Carbon department to achieve their objectives at the minimum time and cost. The study used a number of methods to collect the data, such as reviewing related literature, company recorders, questionnaires, and in-depth interviews. These methods have identified the gaps between IMS performance and best-world performance. Moreover, the main factors that are influencing the IMS performance had been identified and ranked. Accordingly, an eight-block maintenance management framework has been developed in order to improve the IMS performance. By following the developed framework, the total number of breakdowns and its consequences will be reduced by 82%.