Abstract : Road Traffic Injuries are one of the ten leading contributors to the global burden of disease and injury. Road safety is of prime concern to many individuals, groups and organizations, all of whom require data and evidence. While different users have different data needs, reliable, valid data & evidence are essential for describing the burden of road traffic injuries, assessing risk factors, developing and evaluating interventions, providing information for policy-makers and decision-makers, and raising awareness. Without reliable information, the priorities for road traffic injury prevention cannot be rationally or satisfactorily determined. It was in this context that this study was undertaken. Its hypotheses and objectives were related to the performance, design and utilization of one component of the RTI data collection system Road Accident Injury Report (RAIR) in the Kingdom of Bahrain. A cross sectional descriptive study design, including both qualitative (direct observation techniques, and semi-structured interviews of relevant physicians) and quantitative components, was used to examine the validity and reliability of RAIR and its utilization practices. Together, the study methods revealed problems in both validity and reliability of the form, as well as confusion among stakeholders about its purpose; frustration with its limitations, and lack of clarity for "injury severity" classification. The observation revealed issues for further inquiry; under reporting, problem with storage and retrieval, and problems of urgency in classification & quality compliance of key stakeholders. In conclusion the RAIR is lacking in validity and reliability as a source of data, because of that, there are limitations to what it can offer to the development of injury prevention and mitigation initiatives.